Fundamentos de AWS AWS Fundamentals
Qué es AWS What is AWS
Amazon Web Services es la plataforma de cloud computing más grande del mundo. Ofrece 200+ servicios que van desde servidores virtuales hasta inteligencia artificial. En lugar de comprar y mantener hardware físico, rentas recursos por demanda y pagas solo lo que usas. Amazon Web Services is the world's largest cloud computing platform. It offers 200+ services ranging from virtual servers to artificial intelligence. Instead of buying and maintaining physical hardware, you rent resources on demand and pay only for what you use.
Imagina que en lugar de comprar un servidor, una base de datos, un firewall, un CDN, y un sistema de backups... rentas cada uno por hora/mes a Amazon, y ellos se encargan de que funcione, esté actualizado, y tenga redundancia. Eso es AWS. Imagine instead of buying a server, a database, a firewall, a CDN, and a backup system... you rent each one per hour/month from Amazon, and they make sure it works, stays updated, and has redundancy. That's AWS.
Los 3 modelos de nube The 3 cloud models
| Modelo Model | Qué significa What it means | Ejemplo Example |
|---|---|---|
| IaaS | Infrastructure as a Service. Te dan la máquina, tú instalas todo. Máximo control. Infrastructure as a Service. They give you the machine, you install everything. Maximum control. | EC2, VPC |
| PaaS | Platform as a Service. Te dan la plataforma lista, tú solo subes código. Platform as a Service. They give you the ready platform, you just upload code. | Elastic Beanstalk, App Runner |
| SaaS | Software as a Service. Todo listo, solo lo usas. Software as a Service. Everything ready, just use it. | WorkSpaces, Chime |
Regiones y Zonas de Disponibilidad Regions and Availability Zones
Región Region
Área geográfica con múltiples data centers. Ejemplo: us-east-1 (Virginia),
eu-west-1 (Irlanda), sa-east-1 (São Paulo). Cada región es
totalmente independiente — los datos no se replican entre regiones
automáticamente. Tú eliges dónde viven tus recursos.
Geographic area with multiple data centers. Example: us-east-1 (Virginia),
eu-west-1 (Ireland), sa-east-1 (São Paulo). Each region is
completely independent — data doesn't replicate between regions
automatically. You choose where your resources live.
Availability Zone (AZ) Availability Zone (AZ)
Cada región tiene 2–6 AZs. Cada AZ es un data center físicamente separado (diferente edificio, diferente red eléctrica). Si un AZ se cae, los otros siguen funcionando. Multi-AZ = alta disponibilidad. Each region has 2–6 AZs. Each AZ is a physically separate data center (different building, different power grid). If one AZ goes down, the others keep running. Multi-AZ = high availability.
Region: us-east-1 (N. Virginia)
├── AZ: us-east-1a ← Data Center A
├── AZ: us-east-1b ← Data Center B
├── AZ: us-east-1c ← Data Center C
├── AZ: us-east-1d ← Data Center D
├── AZ: us-east-1e ← Data Center E
└── AZ: us-east-1f ← Data Center F
Si 1a se incendia, tus réplicas en 1b siguen operando.
Latencia entre AZs: ~1ms (conectadas por fibra dedicada).Modelo de precios Pricing model
En AWS pagas por uso: horas de cómputo, GB almacenados, GB transferidos, requests procesados. Lo más caro casi siempre es el data transfer (egress) — sacar datos de AWS hacia internet. El ingress (meter datos) generalmente es gratis. On AWS you pay for usage: compute hours, GB stored, GB transferred, requests processed. The most expensive part is almost always data transfer (egress) — moving data out of AWS to the internet. Ingress (data in) is generally free.
| Modelo Model | Cómo funciona How it works | Ideal para Ideal for |
|---|---|---|
| On-Demand | Pagas por hora/segundo sin compromiso. Prendes, pagas; apagas, dejas de pagar. Pay per hour/second with no commitment. Turn on, pay; turn off, stop paying. | Desarrollo, cargas impredecibles Development, unpredictable workloads |
| Reserved | Compromiso 1–3 años. Descuento 30–72% vs on-demand. 1–3 year commitment. 30–72% discount vs on-demand. | Producción estable Stable production |
| Spot | Capacidad sobrante con 60–90% descuento. AWS puede quitártela con 2 min de aviso. Spare capacity at 60–90% discount. AWS can reclaim it with 2 min notice. | Batch processing, CI/CD runners Batch processing, CI/CD runners |
| Free Tier | 12 meses gratis de ciertos servicios (750h EC2 t2.micro, 5GB S3, etc). 12 months free of certain services (750h EC2 t2.micro, 5GB S3, etc). | Aprender y prototipar Learning and prototyping |